Students develop an understanding of the fundamental operation of computer programs, including identifying and describing basic computer hardware components.

Students trace the historical development of Python and identify its significance

Students write and execute basic print statements in Python to display output.

Students define and use variables to store and manipulate data.

Students execute basic arithmetic operations and perform integer division and modulus operations.

Students use the math module to access advanced mathematical  functions.

Students implement boolean logic to create conditions and control flow.

Students define and call functions to perform specific tasks and pass parameters to functions and use them within function bodies.

Students identify and manage variable scope (local vs. global variables).

Students write helper functions to modularize and organize code.

Students apply polymorphism by using functions with different signatures and behaviors.

Students write and use if, if-else, and elif statements to make decisions.

Students implement switch-case-like logic using dictionary-based approaches in Python

Students create and utilize ranges to define and check conditions. 

Students understand how the order of evaluation affects conditional logic and use conditional expressions for concise decision making. 

Students apply compound logic to handle multiple conditions simultaneously.

Students create and manipulate lists and tuples

Students apply list operators and methods to manage data

Students write and use loops to iterate over sequences and construct and work with nested loops for multi-level iteration.

Students handle 2-dimensional lists for more complex data structures.

Students work with strings for data manipulation and formatting.

Students define and create classes and objects, understanding their relationship, and implement and use different types of methods (instance, static, class) within classes.

Students manage mutable and immutable objects to control changes in data.

Students apply encapsulation principles to protect and manage access to class data.

Students utilize inheritance to create derived classes that extend base class functionality

Students apply polymorphism to enable classes and methods to operate on different types of data or objects.

Students create and manipulate dictionaries, and utilize dictionary methods for data management.

Students use NumPy to perform numerical calculations and handle arrays.

Students apply Pandas for data manipulation, including DataFrames and Series and read from and write to CSV files, primarily using Pandas for file handling.

Students visualize data using Matplotlib, including creating various types of plots.

Students understand the role of data science in solving real-world problems and making data-driven decisions.

Students create effective visualizations to represent data and highlight key insights.

Students apply basic probability concepts to analyze data and interpret results.

Students utilize data modeling techniques to build and evaluate predictive models.